Social Inclusion Perspectives

Community Cost Sharing
Community cost sharing/community contribution is mandatory for sustainability and ownership building of the sub projects. Furthermore, 20% for infrastructure sub projects and 10% for Income generating sub projects is needed as community contribution.

Community Institution Building
PAF envisages developing the Community Organizations (CO) as an established institution in the long run. For this purpose, the Community Organizations are being facilitated by Partner Organizations for planning, designing and management of the sub projects by themselves.

High Transparency in Process
PAF believes in transparency in technical and financial process of the sub projects. For this purpose, the PAF has made provision for maintaining display boards at the project sites and carry out Public Audit periodically or at the end of the sub projects.

Co-ordination
One of the objectives of PAF is to strengthen local bodies (DDCs and VDCs) and support long term decentralization process. Thus, coordination/networking with the local bodies and other line agencies as well as other development organizations has been taking continuously.

Capacity Building
This component emphasizes on building the capacities of groups and individual beneficiaries through training, linkage, exposure visits and technical assistance. This will enhance the capacity of communities to implement the schemes in cost-effective manner and to operate these schemes in sustainable manner. This component also includes capacity building of local bodies, micro-finance intermediaries and support for Information, Monitoring and Evaluation.

Partner Organization as Facilitator
Based on the eligibility criteria set by PAF, qualified and eligible Partner Organization (PO) are selected from among Community Organizations (COs), Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Private Sector Organizations (PSOs), and Local Government Organization (DDCs/VDCs) for social mobilization, technical assistance, and capacity building programmes.

The partner organizations will work for social mobilization and capacity building of the community organizations as well as facilitate the community organizations in preparing proposals and implementing the sub projects. Furthermore, the POs are responsible for the smooth implementation and monitoring of the community sub projects.

PAF focuses its programmes in poor households defined as the households whose food grain production from selfoperated land, and wage earnings are sufficient to meet the food requirement of the family for less than a year. Based on the well-being ranking, the households are categorized as 'Ka' or 'Hardcore - Poor' for food sufficiency of less than 3 months, 'Kha' or 'Medium-Poor' for food sufficiency of 3 to 6 months, 'Ga' or 'Poor' for food sufficiency of 6 to 12 months, and 'Gha' or 'Non-Poor' for food sufficiency of more than a year, among other criteria set by the communities. The targeted beneficiaries of PAF are poor women, Dalits and Janjatis. The caste groups identified as Dalits are: Biswakarma (Kami, Sunar, Lohar, Tamata, Chunara, Aod), Darji (Damai, Pariyar, Hudke, Dholi), Sarki (Mijhar, Charmkar), Badi, Gaine (Gandharva), Kapali, Khadgi, Deula, Kuche, Chamar, Dushadh (Paswan, Hajara), Dhobi (Rajak), Tatma, Doom, Batar, Khatwe, Musahar, Halkhor, and Pattharkatta. Likewise, the indigenous peoples/nationalities identified as Janjatis are: Bankariya, Kusunda, Kushbadiya, Route, Suret, Hayu, Raji, Kisan, Lepcha, Meche, Santhal, Jhangad, Chepang, Thami, Majhi, Bote, Dhanuk (Rajbansi), Lhomi (Singsawa), Thudamba, Siyar (Chumba), Baramu, Danuwar, Sunuwar, Tharu, Tamang, Bhujel, Kumal, Rajbansi (Koch), Gangai, Dhimal, Bhote, Darai, Tajpuria, Pahari, Dhokpya (Topkegola), Dolpo, Free, Mugal, Larke, (Nupriba), Lhopa, Dura, Walung, Jirel, Tangbe (Tangbetani), Hyolmo, Limbu, Yakkha, Rai, Chhantyal, Magar, Chhairotan, Tingaule Thakali, Bahragaunle, Byansi, Gurung, Marphali Thakali, Sherpa, Newar, Thakali.

Primary Elements of Social Inclusion in PAF

    Addressing spatial exclusion by focusing on most deprived districts, but at the same time providing services in other poverty-stricken areas as well,
    Reaching the poor – the targeted beneficiaries, and at the same time ensuring social harmony,
    Focus on marginalized communities ensuring community cohesiveness and solidarity.


PAF's Social Inclusion Framework for Reaching the Target Beneficiaries

Targeting Sequence Key Actor Tools/Methods Districts
  PAF Management Development Indicators VDCs

  Service Agency
Portfolio Manager VDC Prioritization
District-Level Stake holders'
Consultation Wards

  Partner Organization VDC-Level Interaction Settlements

  Partner Organization Ward-Level Interaction
Settlement-Level Sensitization
Social Mapping
Social Assessment Community Organizations

  CO Identification of Target Households
Formation of COs
Registration of COs Target Beneficiaries CO Project Development
Community Action Plan
Project Implemntation